Easy Read | More Money Than God: Hedge Funds and the Making of a New Elite

Lack of Fear Itself | More Money Than God: Hedge Funds and the Making of a New Elite | Sebastian Mallaby

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	• More Money Than God: Hedge Funds and the Making of a New Elite Sebastian Mallaby Penguin Press HC, The, 2010 - 496 pages average customer review:based on 9 reviews view larger image
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highly recommended

A Long Ride Through the Hedges

Between 2003 - 2006, money in the top 100 hedge funds doubled to $1 trillion; by mid-2007 it was $2 trillion. Mallaby reviews the approaches taken by former hedge-fund managers, some a bit shady (inside information, dishonest mortgage marketing), but all with lots of leverage and shorting. A number crashed, most famously LTCM. His main point is that hedge funds have not required a bailout, and should be viewed as more benign than big banks. Nonetheless, it seems more than a bit sinful that in 2009 the top 25 hedge fund managers earned a total of $25.3 billion, more than ever. Especially the fact that they get special tax breaks. J.P. Morgan died in 1914 with the equivalent today of only $1.4 billion.

Mallory's second major point is that the efficient-market hypothesis does not hold water - something Buffett proved long ago. He neglects, however, to examine the implications of admiring this new casino capitalism in an age of globalism where millions of Americans have lost their jobs, and many others have lower pay, less security, and weaker benefits.

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Easy Read

It can become a guily pleasure reading about Hedge Fund managers success and extrodinary wealth. Mallaby's book does something bold in that is stands up for what is often a villified segment of the investment world. Mallaby humanizes characters like George Soros and Julian Robertson but also gives tremendous insight into their strategies, why those strategies worked, and how they occasionally failed. Whether you work in finance or are just a casual follower of the markets this book has a narrative flair that makes it an easy read but the depth to leave you with some important lessons and views.

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Lack of Fear Itself

Inverting Franklin Roosevelt "...investors should fear the lack of fear itself". This is just one insight Sebastian Mallaby gives us in `More Money Than God'. In fact, he gives a nuts and bolts feel for Hedge Funds, their history and the people - the masters of the universe - who operate them. It is a history of leverage, short selling and size characterized by major success and catastrophic failure.

Strangely, it also gives the small investor an insight into the share market. Is the market efficient? Can the market be beaten? If the market is not `efficient', hedge funds (and the small investor) can be successful. But sadly for an ongoing hedge fund, success removes the imperfections that it was profitably exploiting. "Sooner or later, every great investor's edge is destined to unravel" and often "quant brainiacs follow their computers to a well-deserved doom" because "the rocket scientists had blown up their rockets".

Success means a flood of money into the hedge fund. But "an analyst might identify a promising small company and figure that its value could double over three years, but if there were only $20 million worth of shares available to buy, it was hardly worth bothering with." Not so for the small investor, but then again the hedge funds seem to be able to short sell flexibly at will - a facility that should democratically be available to the small investor.

Starting in the 1990's, hedge funds became large enough to move markets of all kinds. They could even overpower governments. This allowed the Tiger Fund in 1998 to approach "Russian friends...to buy the entire stock of nongold precious metals held by the central bank and finance ministry...take the palladium, the rhodium, and the silver. All of it." leaving the logistics problem of getting it into a Swiss bank with Tiger's name on it.

For the small investor there is sound advice:

- it is often dangerous to trade on statistical evidence unless it can be intuitively explained". "Visceral" is the word meaning deep inward feelings rather than just an intellectual focus.

- "The whole point of leverage, the very definition of the term, is that investors feel ripples of the economy in a magnified way."

- We all rationalize success. One position by the Chanos Fund only worked out because the April 1989 Tiananmen Square demonstration broke out. This earned the comment "The way Ah see it, is that it took a revolution of a bihl-lion people for your darn short to work out."

- "Event driven" investing at Farallon Fund specialized in predicting events that cause existing prices to be wrong e.g. takeover announcements, demergers, avoiding bankruptcy, meeting banking covenants, major economic events, hybrid security maturity dates etc.

- `Pattern investing' used by the Medallion fund looking for patterns in the market. This applies research on French/English translation where the computer finds the grammatical rules not the programmer (using the Canadian Hansard which is conveniently in both languages).

- A Tiger Fund manager "should manage the portfolio aggressively, removing good companies to make way for better ones; should avoid risking more than 5 percent of capital on more than one bet; and should keep swinging through bad times until luck returned".

- Remember that "...the market can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent".

- "If one of these stocks fell ... it was probably being pushed by an institutional block trader that needed to raise cash...the price would soon revert, creating an opportunity to profit." In other words, why is the seller selling?

- "the biggest danger for buyers of illiquid assets is that in a crisis these assets will collapse the hardest."

- "...the larger an investment fund, the harder it was for a fund manager to generate returns" meaning the small investor has more opportunity.

- And remember, "LTCM calculated that this loss should have occurred less than once in the lifetime of the universe. But it happened anyway." The market does not follow a normal distribution; often it is not random; but then is it often predictable?

Mallaby grapples with the variety of thought behind the success of the hedge funds giving us a workmanlike insight. This attempt to describe how the hedge funds actually operate - as far as he is able (and he tells us when he cannot) - makes this a valuable book indeed.

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4 missing pages in the 1st printing

The content is excellent, but the first printing from the Penguin Press seems to have pages 183-184 and 245-246 missing. Check your copy!

Wonderful trading insight

If you have read books like "stock Market wizard" and still feel that you don't have good idea how those people made so much money, this book is for you. Initially, I thought this book was just another hedge fund book without much substance. However, the author beautifully explains the trading methodologies of these star traders(and also their misses)- I was blown away. The author's insight into trading, leverage/economic history is remarkable, and by the reference list it is clear that he has put enormous efforts into this book. Compare this book with other hedge funds books and you will soon see the difference. I think this book may soon become a classic.

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The first authoritative history of hedge funds-from their rebel beginnings to their role in defining the future of finance.

Based on author Sebastian Mallaby's unprecedented access to the industry, including three hundred hours of interviews, More Money Than God tells the inside story of hedge funds, from their origins in the 1960s and 1970s to their role in the financial crisis of 2007- 2009.

Wealthy, powerful, and potentially dangerous, hedge fund moguls have become the It Boys of twenty-firstcentury capitalism. Ken Griffin of Citadel started out trading convertible bonds from his dorm room at Harvard. Julian Robertson staffed his hedge fund with college athletes half his age, then he flew them to various retreats in the Rockies and raced them up the mountains. Paul Tudor Jones posed for a magazine photograph next to a killer shark and happily declared that a 1929- style crash would be "total rock-and-roll" for him. Michael Steinhardt was capable of reducing underlings to sobs. "All I want to do is kill myself," one said. "Can I watch?" Steinhardt responded.

Finance professors have long argued that beating the market is impossible, and yet drawing on insights from physics, economics, and psychology, these titans have cracked the market's mysteries and gone on to earn fortunes. Their innovation has transformed the world, spawning new markets in exotic financial instruments and rewriting the rules of capitalism.

More than just a history, More Money Than God is a window on tomorrow's financial system. Hedge funds have been left for dead after past financial panics: After the stock market rout of the early 1970s, after the bond market bloodbath of 1994, after the collapse of Long Term Capital Management in 1998, and yet again after the dot-com crash in 2000. Each time, hedge funds have proved to be survivors, and it would be wrong to bet against them now. Banks such as CitiGroup, brokers such as Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers, home lenders such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, insurers such as AIG, and money market funds run by giants such as Fidelity-all have failed or been bailed out. But the hedge fund industry has survived the test of 2008 far better than its rivals. The future of finance lies in the history of hedge funds.

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